Running in the real world: adjusting leg stiffness for different surfaces
A running animal coordinates the actions of many muscles, tendons, and ligaments in its leg so that the overall leg behaves like a sing...
Runners adjust leg stiffness for their first step on a new running surface
Human runners adjust the stiffness of their stance leg to accommodate surface stiffness during steady state running. This adjustment al...
Passive dynamics change leg mechanics for an unexpected surface during human hopping
Humans running and hopping maintain similar center-of-mass motions, despite large changes in surface stiffness and damping. The goal of...
Neuromuscular changes for hopping on a range of damped surfaces
Humans hopping and running on elastic and damped surfaces maintain similar center-of-mass dynamics by adjusting stance leg mechanics. W...
Neuromechanical adaptation to hopping with an elastic ankle-foot orthosis
When humans hop or run on different surfaces, they adjust their effective leg stiffness to offset changes in surface stiffness. As a re...
Muscle mechanical advantage of human walking and running: implications for energy cost
Muscular forces generated during locomotion depend on an animal's speed, gait, and size and underlie the energy demand to power locomot...
Minimizing center of mass vertical movement increases metabolic cost in walking
A human walker vaults up and over each stance limb like an inverted pendulum. This similarity suggests that the vertical motion of a wa...
Mechanism of leg stiffness adjustment for hopping on surfaces of different stiffnesses
When humans hop in place or run forward, leg stiffness is increased to offset reductions in surface stiffness, allowing the global kine...
Mechanics of locomotion in lizards
Lizards bend their trunks laterally with each step of locomotion and, as a result, their locomotion appears to be fundamentally differe...
Maximum speed and mechanical power output in lizards
The goal of the present study was to test the hypothesis that maximum running speed is limited by how much mechanical power the muscula...
