BACKGROUND: Isolation and long duration spaceflight are associated with musculoskeletal deconditioning. Mars500 was a unique, high-fidelity analogue of the psychological challenges of a 520-day manned mission to Mars. We aimed to explore the effect of musculoskeletal deconditioning on three outcome measures: (1) if lower limb muscle strength was reduced during the 520-day isolation; (2) if type I or II muscle fibres were differentially affected; and (3) whether any 70-day exercise interventions prevented any isolation-induced loss of strength. METHODS: Six healthy male subjects (mean +\/- SEM) (34 +\/- 3 years; 1.76 +\/- 0.02 metres; 83.7 +\/- 4.8 kg) provided written, informed consent to participate. The subjects’ maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) was assessed isometrically in the calf (predominantly type I fibres), and maximal voluntary isokinetic force (MVIF) was assessed in the quadriceps\/hamstrings (predominantly type II fibres) at 0.2 and 0.4 ms-1 using the Multifunctional Dynamometer for Space (MDS) at 35-day intervals throughout Mars500. Exercise interventions were completed 3-7 days\/week throughout the 520-day isolation in a counterbalanced design excluding 142-177 days (rest period) and 251-284 days (simulated Mars landing). Exercise interventions included motorized treadmill running, non-motorized treadmill running, cycle ergometry, elastomer-based resistance exercise, whole-body vibration (WBV), and resistance exercise using MDS. RESULTS: Calf MVC did not reduce across the 520-day isolation and MDS increased strength by 18% compared to before that of 70-day exercise intervention. In contrast, there was a significant bilateral loss of MVIF across the 520 days at both 0.2 ms-1 (R 2 = 0.53; P = 0.001) and 0.4 ms-1 (0.4 ms-1; R 2 = 0.42; P = 0.007). WBV (+ 3.7 and 8.8%) and MDS (+ 4.9 and 5.2%) afforded the best protection against isolation-induced loss of MVIF, although MDS was the only intervention to prevent bilateral loss of calf MVC and leg MVIF at 0.2 and 0.4 ms-1. CONCLUSIONS: Mars500 induced significant loss of quadriceps\/hamstrings MVIF but not calf MVC. Collectively, these data suggest that muscles with predominantly type I fibres were affected less by isolation compared to type II dominant muscles. MDS and WBV afforded the best protection against isolation-induced loss of strength and thus may have virtue in exploration class missions.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
BACKGROUND: Isolation and long duration spaceflight are associated with musculoskeletal deconditioning. Mars500 was a unique, high-fidelity analogue of the psychological<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":22,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"tags":[1943,1944,1946,1515,1717,1824,1945],"thema":[5886,5880,5856],"produktgruppe":[7527,5831,5829,5827,5825],"literatur_kategorie":[7221],"class_list":["post-165608","literatur","type-literatur","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","tag-confinement","tag-ground-based-analogue","tag-intervention","tag-mars500","tag-muscle-strength","tag-spaceflight","tag-spaceflight-analogue","thema-prevention","thema-pyhsitherapy-rehabilitation","thema-therapy-prevention-using-galileo","produktgruppe-galileo-en","produktgruppe-galileo-therapy","produktgruppe-galileo-training-en","produktgruppe-leonardo-en","produktgruppe-pqct-en","literatur_kategorie-clinical-studies"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/stratec-med.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/literatur\/165608","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/stratec-med.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/literatur"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/stratec-med.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/literatur"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stratec-med.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/22"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/stratec-med.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/literatur\/165608\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/stratec-med.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=165608"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stratec-med.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=165608"},{"taxonomy":"thema","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stratec-med.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/thema?post=165608"},{"taxonomy":"produktgruppe","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stratec-med.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/produktgruppe?post=165608"},{"taxonomy":"literatur_kategorie","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/stratec-med.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/literatur_kategorie?post=165608"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}